Yes and no!
Keep the master where it is and have the VDSL filter installed there. Use one pair of the Cat5e for the VDSL signal and another pair (plus one for the ring wire if you need it) to take the signals to your required location.
Get a modular faceplate with a BT phone socket and an RJ11 socket at the final location and connect the Cat5e to those. You can the plug your phone in there, as well as where the master is and use a short RJ11 to RJ11 lead from socket to modem.
You might or might not get the BT tech to do it for you - but if not you will need a power extension lead to the hallway as a temporary measure whilst he does the install.
Don't try to fit RJ11s to four pair Cat5e it is near impossible and also infrastructure cable is not designed for termination in plug connectors but for IDCs.
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