Hi
There are 3 terms involving SNR
SNR signal to noise ratio : that is as it says the ratio of the ADSL signal to the line noise . in simple terms its the elbow room you might say . the higher for a given connection synch the better.
Target SNR : This is set as part of the negotiation between your router and the DSLAM when you router is switched on and connects to the exchange . The default is 6db but if the line is /has experienced lots of noise or is unstable the the target will beraised . That is where the 3db steps comes in . target SNR can be set to 6,9,12,15 db. This is an automated process .
SNR margin : this is the actual Signal to noise ratio at any particular time . At the instant of connection it will be the same as the target SNR ,but after that it is totally dependant on the amount of noise on the line so it can fluctuate up or down . How much it fluctuates is down to conditions. Routers report the SNR Margin .If the margin gets too low then the router will lose synch .
see the link below for more info .
http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/linestats.htm
Regards Jeff