For most line noise margin should be fairly steady during daylight, then drop over a while at dusk, and have bigger variances then and through the night, gradually returning to day-time "normal" during dawn.
The margin falls because the actual noise rises. Because the noise is higher, and connection made during dusk >> dawn will be lower than a daytime one. The margin is reset to the exchange figure at each re-sync, but the noise is the noise is the noise at the time.
Avoid anything approaching ten re-syncs in an hour!
However the expected night-time margin fall is a lot less than 6dB, otherwise the default connection-time setting would be higher than 6dB. So you do still seem to have excess noise somewhere.
What do you mean by this:
"one of my extension sockets actually seems to run on an extension lead that was previously permanently plugged into the master"? Do you mean the plug was cut off the end and the wires inserted through the side?
Any idea what that green wire I mentioned earlier does? And any explanation for the extra wires at the extensions? If you think about it, each should have one pair going to the master, though it is possible to daisy-chain one off another. Even given that setup, there should be one at the end of the chain with just one pair. (Pair = T2 and T5, I'm ignoring T3 and others).
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