With a good telecommunications engineering knowledge and experience it is possible to identify faults from symptoms and some simple equipment.
There is equipment that can be plugged in - but it is not cheap and for it to provide a definitive statement about the line and potential faults it would need testing on a regular basis and calibration every year.
there is already enough diagnostic equipment at the exchange for automated testing and if required a technician can do a set of manual tests from the exchange too. There is potentially a cost for testing which needs to be met from somewhere.
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