The lower Antennas cover the lower frequency 4G bands 700 MHz up to 2100 MHz (for Three) and 2600 MHz (for EE). The top Antennas are for the 3600MHz 5G band.
An Antenna for lower frequencies like 700 MHz has to be physically larger that one for higher frequencies like 3600 MHz.
The usual rule 20+ years ago when I did CB radio, was you needed an antenna that was a quarter the length of the wavelength. CB was around 54 MHz and we had antenna on the car that was longer that old style FM/AM radio “aerial”.
What you see are “panels”; and the large ones are the size of doors in your house. These panels contain lots of different actual antenna in the structure. If you look at Peter Clarke’s pages (https://pedroc.co.uk/) you can see pictures of the connectors on the back of the panels.
Different panels have different connectors for the different antenna sections within the panel.Then you can find there are multiple, such as 2 x transmit, and 2 x receive within the construction, this improves coverage. So you end up with LOTS of separate connectors, each colour coded on the back of the panel.
Most mast sites are 3 sector, which means when you’re using your device on GPRS, LTE or NR, you are within one of the 3 directions from a panel. Hence a “cell site” can consist of 3 actual sites.
With the 5G/NR panels, the square boxes, these are known as “massive mimo” as they can handle many more than 2 Transmit & 2 Receive at the same time, maybe as much as 40T 40R, which helps dramatically increase the number of users whom get good speeds at the same time.
Lots on this at Ericsson
https://www.ericsson.com/en/reports-and-papers/white...
24 years of broadband connectivity since 1999 trial - Live BQM
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