Really interesting...If the CMTS are all co-located in a few hubsites, what does the path look like between the user and the CMTS? How much is fibre, how much is coax, and what kind of distances?
And ... what changes in that path when re-segmentation (of whatever variety) is needed? What bottleneck adjustments get made?
Answering point 1 the distance between hubsite and the end of the fibre, the fibre optic node somewhere in the neighbourhood, can go up to 100 miles in the specifications but, obviously, running it close to that limit is a bad idea due to propagation delay changing due to environment.
Certainly runs of 40km+ of fibre aren't uncommon.
Answering number two it depend on the construction of the network. It's basically variations of splitting a node, physically or logically, by addition of fibre, with each fibre then leading back to new line card capacity.
Physical splits involve building new nodes, which may need to be deeper into the coaxial network, like an Openreach type FTTRN set up. Logical ones are where a node has 2 or 4 coaxial trunks out and a single fibre pair in, delivering more fibre pairs to reduce the number of homes passed by each fibre pair.
There's another kind of split which is where a node is optically combined. If the fibre is pretty deep it makes sense to combine nodes optically and have a single line card port feeding both of them. That is split by removing the combining so that each node then has its own dedicated fibre to hubsite, and removing the combining at the hub so that each node has its own line card ports.
That a simplification, I didn't want to go into modular CMTS architecture, CCAP etc. It'll do