Is
Plusnet sustainable? Does it stand on its own two feet? With a credible and independent business model of its own? Or is
BT Group artificially subsidizing it? Perhaps through preferential terms arranged with Group suppliers like
BT Wholesale? Or through subsidized intra-group loans issued by parent
BT, maybe?
Questions that should be answered by a forensic accountant, of which I ain't.
Though it would be surprising if the
Yorkshire Post, in its fawning business update on
Plusnet, offered us any clues. Yorkshire is home turf for
Plusnet; a major employer in both Leeds and Sheffield, and a regular advertiser in the local press; with favourable copy all bought and paid for.
Let's do a bit of research of our own though:
Plusnet is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
BT Group; with turnover last year of £226.8m. Yet
Plusnet appears only fleetingly in the
BT Group 2015 Annual Report. Almost as if it doesn't exist. In the voluminous 237 page Report for 2015, just three references to
Plusnet (see p.26, p.64, p.199).
The following few words being almost the sum-total that
BT Group discloses about its £226m
Plusnet operation (see p.64):
We also sell services through our Plusnet brand. This helps us grow our market share across the UK by addressing more price-conscious fixed-voice and broadband consumers.
Possible to say any less about a quarter billion pound enterprise?!
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Let's get the
Plusnet PLC Annual Reports from
Companies House. The
2015 Report is here; with figures for
2014 here.
The first thing we note is that
BT is using a (legal) fig-leaf to conceal important information about
Plusnet:
The parent undertaking of the largest group of companies into which the results of the Company are consolidated is BT Group plc...
As a qualifying subsidiary, the company [Plusnet] will adopt a 'Reduced Disclosure Framework'."
Plusnet is operating in a "
Reduced Disclosure Framework" for its financial reporting. Convenient..
The Report goes on..
Consequently, the Company is exempt under the terms of FRS 8 "Related Party Disclosures" from disclosing details of transactions and balances with BT Group plc, fellow group subsidiaries and associated undertakings, and those deemed under control during the year ended 31 March 2015.
"
[Plusnet]... is exempt from disclosing details of transactions..with BT Group plc..and other subsidiaries"... Convenient, again..
What this means, in particular, is that it disguises any subsidies
BT Group may be making to keep
Plusnet artificially buoyant. That
Reduced Disclosure Framework could be used to conceal intra-group loans issued to
Plusnet. Loans allowing
Plusnet to continue trading when it may otherwise not be solvent.
Indeed we can see from
Plusnet's Balance Sheet that it took on another £36m of borrowing; an increase of 62% on the previous year. Those new creditors not identified, but
Plusnet has this to say about intra-group loans:
Amounts owed by group undertakings are unsecured, have no fixed date of repayment and are repayable on demand. Interest is charged at agreed group rates.
In other words, that intra-group lending is on highly preferential terms. Loans made at undisclosed but doubtlessly favourable rates (interest free?) and with "no fixed date of repayment". That is not financing on genuine commercial terms.
Is
BT Group subsidizing
Plusnet in that way? Is that how its "price-conscious" budget subsidiary can offer loss-leaders like free broadband? Guaranteeing that it can undercut
BT competitors? Securing ever greater market share for the
Group? Its customer-base up 17% on 2014; and up a further 16% on 2013?
Damned if I know. Perhaps if
Plusnet was open in its financial reporting we wouldn't be wondering...
Of course cross-subsidizing loss-making operations within a trading group is nothing unusual. The dirty digger,
Rupert Murdoch and his financiers at
News International, ran
The Times newspaper at a loss for many years.
Selling
The Thunderer for just 10p a copy on weekdays. A cover price well below cost. A ruse securing it much greater market-share. Hoping eventually to drive rival broadsheets out of business altogether. Only when the MMC/CMA/OFT finally stepped-in, ordering those cross-subsidies to cease, did the newspaper market return to normal.
---
As an aside, we learn that
BT Group has recent form of its own here; engaging in other efforts at "inappropriate" accounting. In the case documented
here and
here it was hoping to artificially shift costs of acquiring mobile operator
EE onto its
Openreach subsidiary. "Inappropriate" accounting that would ultimately increase the cost of network access for all its rivals.
The telecoms regulator has labelled �inappropriate� a move by BT to bill part of the cost related to its £12.5bn acquisition of EE to its Openreach division, which controls the national broadband network.
..
BT�s rivals Sky, TalkTalk and Vodafone are concerned that the telecoms group can move unnecessary costs to Openreach � even if this is a consequence of complex accounts � which it could then attempt to recoup by charging them more to use the telecoms network.
These companies have called for Openreach to be formally separated from BT to provide greater transparency � a proposal that BT has strongly rejected.
The amount of EE acquisition costs charged to Openreach is only £1.7m, according to a consultation by Ofcom into the cost of so-called �leased lines� for business connectivity. A wider £27m cost relating to the EE takeover will be considered in later consultations.
But rivals said that the principle of accounting attribution was the same regardless of the amount. The fact that the charge was from costs relating to the takeover of a rival group that strengthens BT has added to their concern.
�This is just another demonstration of the conflict of interest that BT�s ownership of Openreach creates,� said one telecoms executive. �Regardless of the amount, money from Openreach shouldn�t be diverted to pay for the other activities of BT Group, when it should be reinvested in improving the network. It underlines why we need an independent Openreach.�
Ofcom said: �We consider that BT�s EE acquisition costs are incurred as a result of the activities associated with the acquisition of EE. However, BT attributes these costs across all UK lines of business, including, for example, Openreach and BT Wholesale to which we do not consider these costs relate.�
The regulator said that this was not �consistent with the regulatory accounting principle of causality and therefore we consider this attribution inappropriate�.
..
BT is required by Ofcom to separate costs related to regulated services such as Openreach from other divisions. Openreach is run as a functionally separate part of BT, which allows the company to provide access to its network and services to rivals on the same terms as BT�s retail arm.
..
Another telecoms executive added: �This provides further evidence that Openreach needs to be structurally separated from BT, or at the very least, provide greater financial transparency.�
Indeed.
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Edited by deleted (Mon 23-Nov-15 23:24:39)